Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zama-Electromagnetic Flowmeters: Ukuqinisekisa Ukunemba Nokuthembeka

1. Izindinganiso Zokusebenza Zokulinganisa

1.1 Ukunemba Nokuphindeka

• Ukunemba Okuvamile:Ama-EMFkumele kufinyelele ku-±0.5% kuya ku-±1% wezinga lokugeleza elilinganisiwe kulo lonke uhla lokusebenza, ngamamodeli aphezulu anikeza ukunemba okungu-±0.2%. Lokhu kumele kuqinisekiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (isb., i-ISO 9104 yokulinganisa ukugeleza koketshezi).
• Ukuphindaphinda: Ukwehluka kokulinganisa okuphindaphindiwe akufanele kudlule ±0.1% wezinga lokugeleza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezinqubo ezibalulekile njengokulinganisa amakhemikhali noma ukukhokhisa amanzi.

1.2 Ibanga Lokugeleza kanye Nesilinganiso Sokujika

• Ibanga Lejubane: Iyakwazi ukulinganisa ijubane lokugeleza kusukela ku-0.1 m/s (izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugeleza okuphansi njengezinhlelo zelebhu) kuya ku-15 m/s (amapayipi ezimboni anejubane eliphezulu).
• Isilinganiso Sokujika: Isilinganiso esincane esingu-20:1 (isb., esilinganisa u-0.5–10 m/s) sijwayelekile, kanti amamodeli athuthukile anikeza kufika ku-100:1 ezinhlelweni eziningi.

1.3 Ukuqhuba Koketshezi

• Ukuqhuba Okuncane Kakhulu: Uketshezi kumele lube nokuqhuba okungu-≥5 μS/cm (koketshezi olusekelwe emanzini) ukuze kubangele amandla e-electromotive alinganisekayo (i-EMF). Koketshezi olusebenzisa ukudlulisa okuphansi (isb., amanzi angenawo i-ion), ama-electrode akhethekile nama-amplifier angadingeka (≥0.5 μS/cm).
• Ukuzinza Kokuqhutshwa Komoya: Izinguquko ezisheshayo ekuqhutshweni komoya (isb., ngenxa yokuxubana kwamakhemikhali) zingabangela ukukhukhuleka kokulinganisa, okudinga ama-algorithms okubuyisela akhelwe ngaphakathi.

2. Izidingo Zemvelo Nezokusebenza

2.1 Izilinganiso Zokushisa Nokucindezela

• Izinga Lokushisa Loketshezi:
  • Okujwayelekile: -20°C kuya ku-120°C (isb., kwamanzi namanzi angcolile).
  • Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Kufika ku-200°C (ngemigqomo ekhethekile efana ne-PTFE noma i-ceramic yezinqubo zezimboni).
• Ukucindezela Kwepayipi:
  • Umfutho ophansi: ≤1.6 MPa (okuvamile ezinhlelweni zikamasipala).
  • Umfutho ophezulu: Kufika ku-40 MPa (yezinhlelo zokusebenza zikawoyela negesi noma ze-hydraulic), ezidinga imiklamo eqinile ye-flange kanye nokuhlolwa komfutho ngokwe-ASME B16.5.

2.2I-ElectromagneticUkuhambisana (i-EMC)

• Kumelwe ihambisane nezindinganiso ze-EMC (isb., i-IEC 61326-1) ukuze imelane nokuphazanyiswa okuvela ezinjinini, kuma-transformer, noma emithonjeni ye-radio frequency (RF). Izintambo ezivikelwe kanye nezindawo ezisekelwe phansi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umsindo.

2.3 Ukuqhuma Nokumelana Nokugqwala

• Ukuvikelwa Kokuqhuma: Ezindaweni eziyingozi (isb., izitshalo ze-petrochemical),I-EMFkumele bahlangabezane nezitifiketi ezifana ne-ATEX, i-IECEx, noma i-NEC 500 zemiklamo ephephile (i-IS) noma engashi.
• Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Izingxenye ezimanzi (ama-electrode nama-liners) kumele zimelane noketshezi olunamandla:
  • Ama-Liner: I-PTFE (i-polytetrafluoroethylene) yokumelana namakhemikhali, i-polyurethane yokuhuzuka (isb., ama-slurries), noma i-ceramic yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu/ezigubhayo.
  • Ama-electrode: Izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali engu-316L, i-Hastelloy C, noma i-tantalum yoketshezi oluvame ukugqwala (isib. amanzi olwandle, ama-asidi).

3. Izidingo Zokufakwa kanye Nephayiphi

3.1 Ukugijima Kwepayipi Eliqondile

• Phezulu: Okungenani ububanzi bepayipi obungu-5-10 bepayipi eliqondile ngaphambi kwemitha ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuthuthukile ngokugcwele, kunciphisa ukuxokozela okuvela ezindololwaneni, amavalvu, noma ama-tee.
• Ezansi: ububanzi bepayipi obungu-2-5 bepayipi eliqondile ngemva kwemitha ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwamanzi emuva.

3.2 Ukuqondiswa Kokufakwa

• Kungafakwa ngokuvundlile, ngokuvundlile, noma ngokuthambekela, kodwa ukufakwa okuqondile (okugeleza phezulu) kuyathandwa kakhulu koketshezi olunezinhlayiya eziqinile ukuvimbela ukubola.
• Ukuze kugeleze igesi noketshezi olunezigaba ezimbili, ukufakwa okuvundlile okunomoya ofanele kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukunqwabelana kwamabhamuza epayipini lokulinganisa.

3.3 Ukufakwa Komhlaba Kagesi

• Indandatho noma i-electrode yokumisa kumele ifakwe ukuze kuqedwe umehluko ongaba khona phakathi koketshezi kanye nemitha, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunembile.I-EMFukulinganisa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumapayipi angahambisani nogesi (isb., i-PVC).

4. Ukukhishwa Kwesignali Nokuhlanganiswa Kwedijithali

4.1 Izimpawu ze-Analog nezedijithali

• I-Analog: Ukukhishwa okungu-4–20 mA (okuhlukanisiwe) ngephutha lokulingana elingu-≤0.1%, elifanele izinhlelo zokulawula ezindala.
• Idijithali: I-MODBUS RTU/TCP, i-HART, noma i-Profibus DP yokudlulisa idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ze-SCADA noma amapulatifomu e-IoT asekelwe efwini.

4.2 Ukufakwa Nokuxilonga Idatha

• Imemori eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokugcina idatha yokugeleza, imicimbi ye-alamu, kanye nemingcele yokuxilonga (isb., ukumbozwa kwe-electrode, ukugqokwa kwe-liner). Amamodeli athuthukile anikeza izexwayiso zokulungisa ezibikezelayo ngokuxhumeka okungenantambo (isb., i-Bluetooth, i-4G).

5. Ukulinganisa kanye Nesitifiketi

5.1 Izindinganiso Zokulinganisa

• Ukulinganiswa kwefektri ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezilandelekayo (isb., amalebhu agunyazwe yi-ISO 17025) kusetshenziswa uketshezi olubhekisela (ngokuvamile amanzi). Ukulinganiswa kwensimu kungadinga ukuthwalwaukugelezaamadivayisi okuqinisekisa noma izindlela zokuqhathanisa.
• Ngezicelo zokudluliselwa kwelungelo lokugcina impahla (isb., ukuhweba ngamanzi), amamitha kumele ahlolwe njalo (isb., minyaka yonke) futhi ahambisane nezindinganiso zomthetho ze-metrology (isb., i-OIML R49, i-MID e-EU).

5.2 Izitifiketi Zemboni

• Amanzi kaMasipala: NSF/ANSI 61 wezinto zokuthinta amanzi aphuzwayo.
• Ukudla Neziphuzo: 3-A Sanitary Standards noma i-EHEDG yemiklamo yokuhlanzeka (ama-liners abushelelezi, ama-electrode angenamifantu).
• Imboni: Isitifiketi se-CSA, CE, noma se-UL sokuphepha nokusebenza kahle ezimakethe eziqondiwe.

6. Ukuthembeka Nokunakekelwa

6.1 Ukuzinza Kwesikhathi Eside

• Ukukhukhuleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akufanele kudlule u-±0.2% wesilinganiso esigcwele ngonyaka, kusekelwa isinxephezelo sokushisa kanye nemisebenzi ye-auto-zero yokulwa nokuhlukaniswa kwe-electrode.
• I-MTBF (Isikhathi Esimaphakathi Phakathi Kokwehluleka): ≥amahora ayi-100,000 ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi, ezinezingxenye ezingashintshwa (isb., amabhethri kuma-transmitter asebenzisa ibhethri) aklanyelwe isevisi yasensimini elula.

6.2 Umklamo Olwa Nokungcola

• Kuketshezi olunamathelayo noma olunezikali (isb., amanzi angcolile), izici ezifana nokukhuthaza ukunyakaza, ukuxubha nge-electrode, noma ukuhlanza nge-ultrasonic kunciphisa ukwakheka nokugcina ubuqotho bokulinganisa.

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