Kuyini ukuphuma kwe-OCT?

I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuthwebula izithombe obushintshe izinkambu ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukuqonda umphumela we-OCT kubalulekile ekusebenziseni amakhono ayo. Umphumela we-OCT ubhekisela kudatha kanye nokumelwa okubonakalayo okukhiqizwe uhlelo lwe-OCT, okusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane, ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba zezicubu zezinto eziphilayo, izingxenye zokukhanya, nezinye izinto.

Embindini wayo, i-OCT isebenza ngokusekelwe esimisweni se-interferometry yokuhambisana okuphansi. Uhlelo lwe-OCT lukhipha ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared kuya esampula ehlolwayo. Lapho lokhu kukhanya kuhlangana nezakhiwo ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwesampula, ingxenye yalo iyabukiswa emuva. Uhlelo lwe-OCT lube selulinganisa ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kanye namandla amaza okukhanya abonakalisiwe. Ngokuqhathanisa ukukhanya okubhekiselwe kukho kanye nokukhanya okubonakalisiwe kwesampula, lwakha isithombe se-2D noma se-3D sesakhiwo sangaphakathi sesampula.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhishwa kwe-OCT isithombe esihlukaniswe ngezigaba, esifana nombono omncane wezingqimba zangaphakathi zesampula. Lezi zithombe zibonisa izicubu noma izinto ezahlukene ezinamazinga ahlukene okuqhathanisa, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okucacile phakathi kwezakhiwo. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha, isithombe sokukhishwa kwe-OCT se-retina singabonisa ngokucacile izingqimba ezahlukene zalesi zicubu ezibucayi, okwenza odokotela bakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, kanye ne-glaucoma. Uhlobo oluphezulu lokukhishwa kwe-OCT, kanye nezinqumo ze-axial ezivame ukusuka kuma-micrometer ayi-1 kuya kwangu-15, lunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe olubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni okunembile.

Ngaphezu kwezithombe zesigaba se-2D, izinhlelo zesimanje ze-OCT zingakhiqiza namasethi wedatha ye-volumetric ye-3D njengokukhipha. Lezi ziphumo ze-3D zinikeza umbono ophelele wesampula, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa okujulile kusuka kuma-engeli amaningi. Abacwaningi bangasebenzisa umphumela we-3D OCT ukutadisha ukwakheka kwezicubu eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo, njengobuchopho noma imithambo yegazi, futhi babone ukuthi zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto, umphumela we-3D OCT ungasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukuthola amaphutha, nokuhlola ikhwalithi yezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Ukukhishwa kwe-OCT kungafaka futhi idatha yezinombolo ehlobene nezakhiwo zokukhanya ezilinganisiwe zesampula. Le datha ingafaka ulwazi mayelana nenkomba yokukhanya, i-coefficient yokusabalalisa, kanye ne-coefficient yokumuncwa kwezifunda ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwesampula. Idatha enjalo yezinombolo ibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwenani, okuvumela ososayensi nodokotela ukuthi benze izilinganiso ezinembile kanye nokuqhathanisa phakathi kwamasampula ahlukene noma ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sokukhishwa kwe-OCT yikhono layo lokuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe noma amathuluzi okuhlaziya idatha. Isibonelo, ukuphuma kwe-OCT kungahlanganiswa nokuthwebula izithombe kwe-fluorescence ukuze kunikezwe kokubili ulwazi lwesakhiwo nolusebenzayo mayelana nesampula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi ingasetshenziswa ukucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha yokukhishwa kwe-OCT, ukukhipha izici ezinengqondo, nokukhiqiza imibiko ngezinjongo zomtholampilo noma zocwaningo.

Ngamafuphi, umkhiqizo we-OCT uwumthombo ocebile wolwazi ohlanganisa izithombe ezinemininingwane, idatha yezinombolo, kanye nethuba lokuhlanganiswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuhlanganisa ezokwelapha, i-biology, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi, okuqhuba intuthuko ekuxilongeni, ocwaningweni, kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-OCT buqhubeka nokukhula, ikhwalithi kanye nokuguquguquka komkhiqizo we-OCT kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthuke kakhulu, kuvuleke amathuba amasha okuthola isayensi kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha.