Yiziphi izindlela zokuxhumana ezivamile zamamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic?

Njengamadivayisi okulinganisa ahlakaniphile, amamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic athembele emisebenzini yokuxhumana ukuze kufezwe ukudluliswa kwedatha, ukuqapha okude, kanye nokuphathwa. Izindlela zokuxhumana ezivamile zihlukaniswe ngokuxhumana okunezintambo kanye nokuxhumana okungenantambo, kanje:

I. Izindlela Zokuxhumana Ezinezintambo

1. Ukuxhumana kwe-RS485
   • Ingenye yezindlela zokuxhumana ezisebenzisa izintambo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yezimboni. Isebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwesignali ehlukile, ngebanga lokudluliselwa elingafika kumamitha ayi-1200 futhi isekela ukuxhumana kwamaphuzu amaningi (kungaxhunywa amadivayisi angafika kwangu-32).
   • Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic axhuma kuma-concentrator, ama-PLC, noma amakhompyutha aphezulu ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ze-RS485 ukuze kufezwe ukulayishwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela (njengokugeleza okusheshayo, ukugeleza okuqongelelekayo) kanye nokucushwa kwamapharamitha (njengobubanzi, umkhawulo we-alamu).
   • Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana isebenzisa kakhulu i-Modbus-RTU, enokuguquguquka okukhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nezinhlelo ezahlukene zokulawula.
2. Ibhasi le-M (Ibhasi lemitha)
   • Izinga lebhasi elenzelwe ngokukhethekile amathuluzi okulinganisa, elisekela ukuphakelwa kukagesi webhasi (asikho isidingo sokunikeza ugesi kumamitha amanzi ngokwehlukana), elifanele ukufundwa kwamamitha amanzi, amamitha okushisa neminye imishini okuphakathi.
   • Ibanga lokudlulisa lingafinyelela amamitha angaphezu kuka-500, futhi ikhono layo lokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka lingcono kune-RS485. Ngocingo olulula (uhlelo lwezintambo ezimbili), lusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphathweni okuphakathi kwamamitha amanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala nezakhiwo.
3. Umphumela we-Pulse
   • Isebenza ngokuxhumana okulula okunezintambo. Imitha yamanzi ikhipha amasignali okushaya ngamandla ngokusebenzisa izinkinobho zomhlanga noma izinzwa ze-photoelectric, futhi inani lama-pulse lilingana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
   • Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nama-PLC, abaqoqi bedatha kanye neminye imishini ukuze kufezwe ukulinganisa okulula kokugeleza kwamanzi. Inomsebenzi ophansi kodwa owodwa (okwazi ukudlulisa idatha yokusetshenziswa kuphela).

II. Izindlela Zokuxhumana Ezingenantambo

1. I-LoRa (Umsakazo Webanga Elide)
   • Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-spread spectrum, inebanga elide lokudlulisa (amakhilomitha angu-1-3 ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, amakhilomitha angu-5-10 ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi (impilo yebhethri ingaba iminyaka engu-5-10), futhi isekela ukuxhumana okukhulu (amadivayisi angaphezu kwe-1,000).
   • Ifanele ukufundwa kwamamitha amanzi kude, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zokumbozwa kwendawo ebanzi (njengamanethiwekhi amapayipi asemadolobheni, izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi zasemakhaya). Ingaxhumana ngqo namasango e-LoRa, bese ifinyelela ipulatifomu yamafu ngesango.
2. I-NB-IoT (I-Narrow Band Internet of Things)
   • Ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi enamandla aphansi obusekelwe kumanethiwekhi eselula, obumbozwe iziteshi eziyisisekelo ezinikezwa abaqhubi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha amasango ngokwakho. Bunokudluliselwa okuzinzile kanye nokumbozwa okubanzi kakhulu (bungangena ezindongeni nasemapayipini angaphansi komhlaba).
   • Isekela ukuxhumana okukhulu (iseli ngalinye lingaxhuma amadivayisi ayi-100,000) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi (impilo yebhethri iyiminyaka emi-3-8), ifanele ukuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile okukhulu kwamamitha amanzi emadolobheni, ifinyelele ngqo epulatifomu yamafu ukuze kufezwe ukuqapha okukude kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
3. I-Bluetooth
   • Ukuxhumana okungenantambo okufushane (ngokuvamile amamitha ayi-10-100) okusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa amaphutha endaweni kanye nokufunda idatha ekude (njengezifundi zamamitha ezisondela kumamitha amanzi ngamadivayisi aphathwayo ukuze zifunde idatha).
   • Ayifanele ukufundwa kwemitha ekude, kodwa ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuxhumana esekelayo ukuze kube lula abasebenzi bokulungisa ukulungisa amapharamitha noma ukuxazulula izinkinga endaweni.
4. I-GPRS/4G (Inethiwekhi Yeselula)
   • Ngokusekelwe kunethiwekhi yomqhubi weselula, inesilinganiso sokudlulisa esiphezulu futhi ingathumela idatha eningi ngesikhathi sangempela, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kuphezulu kakhulu (kudinga ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle noma ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu), futhi izindleko nazo ziphezulu kakhulu.
   • Ifanele izimo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela (njengokuqapha amamitha amanzi ezimboni amakhulu) noma njengendlela yokuxhumana eyisipele kwezinye izindlela ezingenantambo.

• Ukuxhumana ngezintambo (RS485, M-Bus) kufanelekile ekufakweni okugxilile nokuphakathi, kugxilwe kakhulu ekuzinzeni;
• Ukuxhumana okungenantambo (i-LoRa, i-NB-IoT) kufaneleka ezimweni ezihlakazekile nezinkulu, kugxilwe kakhulu ekuguquguqukeni;
• Ukuphuma kwe-pulse kanye ne-Bluetooth kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni okulula noma ekulungiseni amaphutha okusiza.