I. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko

1. Ukufakwa Okulula Nokusebenza Kahle, Kufanelekela Izimo Ezinesikhala Esilinganiselwe

   Akukho ukulungiswa kwe-flange okuyinkimbinkimbi okudingekayo. Ukufakwa kungaqedwa ngokumane ubophe bese ukubopha ku-interface ehlanganisiwe yepayipi, engasebenza ngumuntu oyedwa, okusindisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha. Ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane, imishini efakwe odongeni, noma ukulungiswa kwamapayipi, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa amakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle emigqeni emincane yokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yelabhorethri.

2. Ukusebenza Okuhle Kakhulu Kokuvala, Ukunciphisa Izingozi Zokuvuza

   Uma kusetshenziswa izingxenye zokuvala njenge-PTFE thread seal tape kanye nama-gasket, indawo yokuxhumana yokuxhumeka okunezintambo ifanelana kahle, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuza koketshezi oluqhubayo (isb., izixazululo ze-acid-base, indle). Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxhumeka kwe-flange, ukuxhumeka okunezintambo kunikeza ukusebenza kokuvala okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okuphansi, futhi umphumela wokuvala awuthinteki kalula ngesikhathi sokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganiswa kabusha.

3. Ukunemba Okuphezulu Kokulinganisa Kwama-Caliber Amancane, Ukulahlekelwa Okuphansi Kokucindezela

   Ama-flowmeter kagesi axhumanisa ngentambo avame ukutholakala ngama-calibers asukela ku-DN10 kuya ku-DN50. Kulesi sici, inzwa inesakhiwo esiqinile, iqinisekisa insimu yokugeleza koketshezi ezinzile ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, okunciphisa imisinga ye-eddy kanye nesivinini sokugeleza esingalingani, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa. Okwamanje, azikho izimbobo ezengeziwe (ezifana nama-flange bolts) odongeni lwangaphakathi lwepayipi, okuholela ekumelaneni koketshezi okuphansi kanye nokulahlekelwa yingcindezi, okwenza ifaneleke ezimweni ezinezidingo zokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

4. Izindleko Ezilawulwayo, Ukuzivumelanisa Nokuthenga Okuncane

   Umzimba we-valve kanye nezingxenye ezixhumanisayo zokuxhumeka okunezintambo zinesakhiwo esilula, esinezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kunezokuxhumeka kwe-flange, okwenza intengo yomkhiqizo incintisane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elincane le-oda (i-MOQ) lama-flowmeter kagesi anezintambo ezincane ngokuvamile liphansi, lihlangabezana nezidingo ze-oda lokuhlola zamakhasimende amancane aphesheya kwezilwandle futhi libe yimodeli ethandwayo yokukhuthazwa kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe esigabeni sokuqala.

II. Imikhawulo Yesicelo

1. Kunqunyelwe yi-Caliber kanye ne-Pressure, Hhayi ngenxa yezimo ze-High-Flow kanye ne-High-Pressure

   Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamandla entambo kanye nokusebenza kokuvala, ubukhulu obukhulu bamamitha okugeleza kagesi anokuxhumeka okunentambo ngokuvamile abudluli i-DN50, futhi ingcindezi yokusebenza ingaphakathi kakhulu kwe-PN1.6 - PN4.0MPa. Ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamapayipi amakhulu ezimboni (isb., ngaphezu kwe-DN100) kanye namapayipi anomfutho ophezulu (isb., izindawo zokuphuma zama-reactor amakhemikhali anomfutho ophezulu), ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuxhumeka kwe-flange noma kwe-clamp-on esikhundleni salokho.

2. Isidingo Esiphezulu Sokuqina Kwephayiphi Ngesikhathi Sokufakwa

   Uma ipayipi liyi-eccentric noma i-interface enezintambo igobile ngesikhathi sokubopha izikulufo, kungabangela amandla angalingani ku-sensor, okungathinti nje kuphela ukunemba kokulinganisa kodwa futhi okungalimaza i-interface enezintambo. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, izingxenye ezanele zamapayipi aqondile angaphezulu (10D) naphansi (5D) kumele ziqinisekiswe, futhi i-sensor kufanele igcinwe kude nemithombo yokudlidliza njengamaphampu nama-valve.

3. Ukugcinwa Nokuhlukaniswa Kunqunyelwe Yisikhala

   Uma ingxenye yoxhumano olunezintambo igqwala noma inamathela ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kudingeka amathuluzi akhethekile okuqaqa, okunzima ukuyisebenzisa emapayipini anezikhala ezincane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqaqaniswa kwebhawodi koxhumano lweflange, ukuxhumeka okunezintambo kunokuguquguquka okuncane kokugcinwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisebenzisa izintambo ezinokonakala okukhulu, lapho isimo sentambo sidinga ukuhlolwa njalo.

III. Amaphuzu Ayisihluthulelo Okwenezela Ekuzivumelaniseni Nokuhweba Kwangaphandle

1. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokusebenza Zamazwe Ngamazwe

   Izinto ezisetshenziswa esibonakalayo esinezintambo zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwezindinganiso zekhasimende eziphakathi nendawo nezesifunda. Izinto ezivamile ezingagqwali njengensimbi engagqwali engu-316L kanye ne-Hastelloy zamukelwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto zamakhasimende aseYurophu naseMelika embonini yamakhemikhali nokudla. Ezimweni ezinekhwalithi ephezulu yamanzi, izixhumi zensimbi yekhabhoni nazo zinganikezwa ukulawula izindleko.

2. Ukuhambisana neMigomo Yomcuba Yomhlaba Wonke

   Izindinganiso zemicu ziyahlukahluka ezifundeni ezahlukene zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa izidingo zamakhasimende kusenesikhathi: Amakhasimende aseYurophu avame ukusebenzisa i-BSPP (iBritish Standard Pipe Parallel), kuyilapho amakhasimende aseNyakatho Melika ekhetha i-NPT (iNational Pipe Taper). Izindinganiso ezisebenzayo kufanele ziphawulwe ngokucacile encwadini yomkhiqizo ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokuhambisana nokufakwa.