Indima Ebalulekile Yama-Electromagnetic Flowmeters Ekulinganiseni Ama-Conductive Fluids

Ukunemba Okungalingani Ezindaweni Eziqhuba Ugesi​

Enhliziyweni yokusebenza kwe-EMF kukhona insimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwepayipi elingeyona i-magnetic. Lapho uketshezi oluqhubayo lugeleza kule nsimu, lubangela i-voltage ehambisana nejubane layo—elilinganiswa ngama-electrode afakwe odongeni lwepayipi. Lo mklamo ususa isidingo sezingxenye ezihambayo noma izinto eziphazamisayo, ezingaphazamisa ukugeleza noma zonakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuketshezi oluqhubayo olune-conductivity ephansi njengo-5 µS/cm (umkhawulo ohlangatshezwa kalula yiziningi zezimboni, amanzi angcolile, ngisho neziphuzo eziningi), ama-EMF aletha ukunemba okumangalisayo, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwe-±0.5% yenani elilinganisiwe.​

Cabanga ngezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka zikamasipala: indle eluhlaza, ecebile ngezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe kanye nezinto eziphilayo, inamandla okuhambisa amanzi kakhulu. Amamitha emishini yendabuko ayahluleka lapha ngenxa yokuvaleka noma ukuguguleka kwezinhlayiya ezihudulayo, okuholela emaphutheni afinyelela ku-5–10%. Ama-EMF, ngokuphambene nalokho, ahlala engathinteki. Ucwaningo lwango-2023 olwenziwe yi-Water Environment Federation luthole ukuthi ama-EMF afakwe emigqeni yamanzi amdaka agcina ukunemba ngaphakathi kuka-±0.3% esikhathini sezinyanga ezingu-12, ngisho namazinga okugeleza ashintshashintshayo kanye nokugcwala kwezinhlayiya. Lokhu kunemba kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokuhlanza zingalandelela ngokunembile amanani okugeleza, zithuthukise umthamo wamakhemikhali, futhi zibike idatha yokuhambisana ngokuzethemba.​

Ukuguquguquka Kuzo Zonke Izinto Ezihlukahlukene Ezihambisa Umoya​

Ama-fluid aqhubayo ahlanganisa ububanzi obukhulu bokuqina, amazinga okushisa, kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kusukela kuma-emulsion kawoyela-emanzini aqinile embonini yokudla kuya kuzixazululo ze-asidi ebolayo ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali. Ama-EMF avelele kulo lonke lolu hlobo. Ukwakheka kwawo okungaphazamisi ukumelana nokugqwala uma kuhlanganiswe nezinto ezihambisanayo (isb., ama-PTFE liners ama-asidi noma ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali ezixazululo ze-caustic), okwenza afaneleke kuma-fluid angabhubhisa amamitha omshini.​

Emkhakheni wezimayini, i-slurry—ingxube yamanzi nezinhlayiya zamaminerali ezinomoya ophezulu—iwuketshezi oluyinselele ukulilinganisa. Nokho, ama-EMF aphatha i-slurry enokuqukethwe okuqinile okufika ku-70% ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Imayini yethusi eChile ibike ukuthi ukushintshela kuma-EMF kunciphisa ukulungiswa okungahleliwe ngo-80% uma kuqhathaniswa namamitha e-paddlewheel, okwakudinga ukuhlanzwa masonto onke ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-slurry. Ama-EMF aphinde ahlinzeka ngedatha yokugeleza kwesikhathi sangempela, okwenza imayini ikwazi ukulungisa isivinini sepompo futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-12% ngonyaka.​

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokugeleza Okuguquguqukayo​

Ama-conducting fluids avame ukubonisa amazinga okugeleza aguquguqukayo, kusukela esivinini esiphansi ekuniseleni kwezolimo kuya ekugelezeni okusheshayo emapayipini ezimboni. Ama-EMF agcina ukunemba kulo lonke isilinganiso sokujika esibanzi—ngokuvamile esingu-100:1 (isb., ukulinganisa ukugeleza kusuka ku-0.1 kuya ku-10 m/s)—adlula kakhulu isilinganiso esingu-10:1 samamitha amaningi omshini. Lokhu kuguquguquka kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okufana nokukhiqizwa kwe-pulp nephepha, lapho ukumiswa kwe-pulp (okuqhuba ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi) kuthola ukuguquguquka kokugeleza okusheshayo ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokukhiqiza.​

Umshini wokugaya iphepha eFinland wasebenzisa ama-EMF ukuqapha ukugeleza kwe-pulp enkambisweni yawo yokumhlophe. Amamitha alandelela ngokunembile amazinga okugeleza njengoba ekhuphuka kusuka ku-2 m/s kuya ku-8 m/s ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweqembu, eqinisekisa ukukala okunembile kwe-hydrogen peroxide. Lokhu kulawula kunciphisa imfucuza yamakhemikhali ngo-15% futhi kwathuthukisa ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yephepha, njengoba kuqinisekiswe ukwehluka okuncishisiwe kokulinganisa ukukhanya.​

Izinzuzo Zemvelo Nezomnotho​

Ngaphandle kokunemba nokuguquguquka, ama-EMF anegalelo ekusimeni nasekulondolozeni izindleko. Ukusebenza kwawo okusebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo (okusebenzisa ama-watts ayi-10 kuphela) kuqhathaniswa namamitha omshini abangela ukwehla komfutho, achitha amandla ngokunciphisa ukugeleza. Esikhungweni esikhulu samakhemikhali eJalimane, ukufaka esikhundleni samamitha omshini ngama-EMF epayipini elingamasentimitha angu-12 elithwala isinyibilikisi esiqhuba ugesi kunciphisa izindleko zamandla okupompa cishe ngama-€4,000 ngonyaka, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2024.​

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-EMF asiza ekutholakaleni kokuvuza kumanethiwekhi oketshezi oluhambisa umoya. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha umehluko wokugeleza phakathi kwamaphuzu okungena nokuphuma kwamanzi, abaqhubi bangabona ukungalingani okubonisa ukuvuza—okubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ifektri yokuhlanza uphethiloli eTexas isebenzise ama-EMF ukuthola ukuvuza okuncane epayipini likawoyela ongahluziwe (okuhambisa umoya ngenxa kasawoti oncibilikisiwe) ngaphambi kokuba kukhuphuke, okugwema izindleko zokuhlanza ezilinganiselwa ku-$500,000 kanye nezinhlawulo zomthetho.​

Isiphetho​

Ama-flowmeter e-electromagnetic achaze kabusha indlela uketshezi oluhambisa amanzi olulinganiswa ngayo, enikeza ukunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuthembeka ezindaweni lapho amamitha avamile ehluleka khona. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile kuya ekuvubukuleni nasekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali, ikhono lawo lokusingatha izinselele ezihlukile zoketshezi oluhambisa amanzi—ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, kanye nokugeleza okuguquguqukayo—kuwenza abaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yezimboni neyedolobha yanamuhla. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama, indima yama-EMF ekuqinisekiseni ukulinganiswa koketshezi oluhambisa amanzi okuqondile, okungabizi kakhulu, kanye nokuhambisana nakho kuzokhula kakhulu.​