Ipayipi elivaliweamamitha okugelezaasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthuthweni koketshezi olucindezelwe oluvaliwe, kuyilapho ama-flowmeter eziteshi ezivulekile aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukukala ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphezulu angenangcindezi. Amanzi ageleza ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi eziteshini ezivulekile njengemifula, imisele yokudonsa amanzi, imisele yamanzi angcolile yasefektri kanye namapayipi endle kamasipala ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa kwamapayipi aphelele, okwakha indawo yokulinganisa ehlukile amamitha epayipi kagesi noma e-ultrasonic angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nayo. Ama-flowmeter eziteshi ezivulekile ahlanganisa ukutholwa kwezinga lokugeleza nama-flume noma ama-weirs ajwayelekile ukuze kubalwe ukugeleza kwevolumu, okunikeza izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okubanzi, futhi abe ngamadivayisi okuqapha ajwayelekile okuvikela imvelo, indle kamasipala, ukunisela kanye namaphrojekthi okudonsa amanzi ezimboni emhlabeni jikelele.
Umgomo wokulinganisa oyinhloko weama-flowmeter esiteshi esivulekileKusekelwe ebudlelwaneni be-hydraulic phakathi kwezinga lamanzi kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza. Ngokusho kwamafomula e-hydraulic, ivolumu yokugeleza engxenyeni yesiteshi esivulekile esihleliwe inqunywa ngokukhethekile ukuphakama kwezinga loketshezi. Izinhlelo eziningi eziphelele ziqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: inzwa yezinga kanye ne-transmitter yokubala ukugeleza. Ama-probe wezinga le-Ultrasonic ayilungiselelo elivame kakhulu. Afakwe ngokuqondile ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi, akhipha amaza omsindo ukukala ibanga langempela emanzini, bese eguqula ibanga libe idatha enembile yokujula kwamanzi. Amafomula e-hydraulic akhelwe ngaphakathi ama-Parshall flumes, ama-weirs angunxande kanye nama-weirs angunxantathu angu-V agcinwa ku-transmitter. Ngemva kokufanisa amapharamitha esakhiwo sesiteshi, idivayisi ibala ngokuzenzakalela ukugeleza okusheshayo futhi iqongelele ivolumu yokugeleza iyonke. Amanye amamodeli athuthukile asebenzisa izinzwa zezinga le-radar ezingenakuthintana, ezisebenza kangcono ezindaweni ezinzima ezinomusi wamanzi ominyene, igwebu noma udaka oluntantayo phezu kwamanzi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi okugeleza kwepayipi, ama-flowmeter eziteshi ezivulekile anezinzuzo ezihlukile ezifanele izimo zokukhipha amanzi. Okokuqala, awadingi ukuthintana nendawo elinganisiwe. Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic neze-radar zifakiwe ngaphezu kwesiteshi, zigwema ukugqwala, ukukala kanye nokuvaleka okubangelwa yi-sediment, imicu, izinsalela zamakhemikhali emanzini angcolile. Azikho izingxenye ezihambayo ezimanzi, ngakho-ke imvamisa yokulungisa kanye nezindleko zokufaka esikhundleni zincishiswa kakhulu. Okwesibili, zidala ukumelana nokugeleza okungekho futhi azikho ukulahleka kwengcindezi. Ngokungafani namamitha epayipi athatha isikhala sepayipi futhi avimbele ukunyakaza koketshezi, izakhiwo zokulinganisa iziteshi ezivulekile aziphazamisi isivinini sokuqala sokukhipha amanzi, okubaluleke kakhulu kumanethiwekhi amakhulu endle asemadolobheni angakwazi ukuthwala ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini inobubanzi bokulinganisa, ekwazi ukubamba ukugeleza okuncane okuphansi emahoreni angekho ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nokugeleza okukhulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwefektri noma iziphepho zemvula.
Ama-flowmeter eziteshi ezivulekile amboza imikhakha emithathu emikhulu yokusetshenziswa. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo komasipala kuyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke. Izitshalo zokuhlanza indle zasemadolobheni ziwafaka emiseleni yokungena neyokuphuma ukuze ziqaphe ukukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka okuphelele, zinikeze idatha esemthethweni yokuqapha imvelo kanye nezibalo zokukhishwa kokungcola. Amanzi emvula asemadolobheni kanye neziteshi zokuhlanza indle ezihlanganisiwe nazo zisebenzisa la mamitha ukuze zihlukanise idatha yokugeleza kwamanzi emvula kanye nendle ukuze kusebenze kahle inethiwekhi yamapayipi. Okwesibili, ukugeleza kwamanzi ezimbonini kusebenzisa kabanzi le mishini. Amabhizinisi ezindwangu, amakhemikhali, ukudla kanye nezimayini akhipha amanzi amdaka ngemisele evulekile; amamitha eziteshi ezivulekile alandelela umthamo wokugeleza kwamanzi ukuze alawule ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okukhiqiza futhi aqinisekise ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokugeleza. Okwesithathu, ukongiwa kwamanzi ezolimo kuncike kakhulu ekulinganisweni kweziteshi ezivulekile. Imisele yokunisela yasepulazini, iziteshi zokuphambukisa amanzi kanye nemisele yokusabalalisa amanzi isebenzisa ama-flowmeter eziteshi ezivulekile zohlobo lwe-flume ukuze kubalwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela, ukusekela ukwabiwa kwemithombo yamanzi efanele kanye nokuphathwa kokongiwa kwamanzi ezolimo.
Isiteshi esivulekile sesimanje esihlakaniphileama-flowmeterzihlonyiswe ngemisebenzi ephelele yokuxhumana kwedijithali. Ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kwe-RS485 Modbus-RTU kuvumela ukuxhumana ne-PLC, amakhabethe okulawula ezimboni kanye namapulatifomu okuqapha ezemvelo akude. Ama-data logger akhelwe ngaphakathi agcina amarekhodi okugeleza komlando, futhi ama-alamu anqunyelwe ngokweqile aqala ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kuvela ukungcola okungavamile, njengokuvuza okungazelelwe kokungcola kwezimboni. Isethi yonke yemishini isebenza ngokuqina ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa abanzi futhi ingajwayela ukufakwa ngaphandle komoya ovulekile ngomklamo wezindlu ezingangeni manzi nezingenalo uthuli.
Ngamafuphi, ama-flowmeter eziteshi ezivulekile agcwalisa isikhala sokulinganisa ukugeleza kwamandla adonsela phansi okungacindezelwa amamitha epayipi avamile angakwazi ukumboza. Ngokulinganisa okungathintani, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile kwemvelo, adlala indima engenakuphindwa ekuqapheni indle, ukugeleza kwamanzi ezimbonini kanye nokunisela ngokulondolozwa kwamanzi. Njengoba ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokuqapha ukukhishwa kwamanzi emvelweni kukhula kuba nzima, izinhlelo zokulinganisa ukugeleza kweziteshi ezivulekile ezihlakaniphile zizoqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo sazo semakethe njengengqalasizinda ebalulekile yokuqapha imvelo yamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-10-2026