Emkhakheni wokulinganisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, amamitha amanzi omshini kanye namamitha amanzi kagesi agqamile njengezixazululo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kabanzi, ngasinye sinezici ezihlukile ezenzelwe izidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuqonda umehluko wazo kubalulekile ekukhetheni idivayisi efanele ezimweni ezisukela emakhaya okuhlala kuya ezindaweni zezimboni.
Amamitha amanzi omshini, inketho evamile, asebenza ngesimiso esilula kodwa esivivinywe isikhathi eside. Athembele ezingxenyeni ezihambayo—njengezinjini zokuhambisa amanzi noma ama-turbine—aqhutshwa amandla okuhamba kwamanzi agelezayo. Njengoba amanzi edlula kumitha, ajikeleza i-impeller yangaphakathi, futhi lokhu kuzungeza kudluliselwa ngohlelo lwamagiya kuya kukhawunta ekhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphelele. Lo mklamo uhlaziywe ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, okuholela kubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nobunokwethenjelwa. Enye yezinzuzo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko; kokubili izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokufaka ziphansi kakhulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuvelele kokulinganisa amanzi emakhaya emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamitha omshini awadingi umthombo wamandla wangaphandle, njengoba esebenzisa amandla ngqo ekugelezeni kwamanzi. Lesi sici "esizimelayo" sibavumela ukuthi basebenze ezindaweni ezikude noma ezindaweni ezinemithombo yamandla engazinzile.
Kodwa-ke, amamitha amanzi anomshini anemikhawulo ephawulekayo. Izingxenye zawo ezihambayo zivame ukuguguleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma zivezwa emanzini aqukethe ukungcola njengesihlabathi, ukugqwala, noma isikali. Lokhu kuguguleka akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukunemba kokulinganisa kodwa kungaholela ekuqhekekeni, okudinga ukulungiswa njalo noma ukushintshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anesilinganiso esincane sokujika, okusho ukuthi alwela ukulinganisa ngokunembile kokubili ukugeleza kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu nokuphezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuvuza okuncane noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuncane kungase kungabonakali, kuyilapho izikhathi zokugeleza okuphezulu zingabangela amaphutha amakhulu okulinganisa. Enye inkinga ukulahlekelwa ukucindezela: isakhiwo sangaphakathi somshini sidala ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi, okungathinta ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic amelela enye indlela ethuthukisiwe, eqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. Asekelwe kuMthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Insimu yamagnetic ikhiqizwa eduze kwepayipi lokulinganisa elingeyona i-magnetic lemitha nge-coil yokuvuselela. Lapho amanzi aqhubayo egeleza kule nsimu yamagnetic, anquma imigqa yamandla kagesi, okwenza amandla e-electromotive (EMF) kuma-electrode afakwe ezindongeni zepayipi. Ubukhulu bale EMF buhambisana ngqo nejubane lokugeleza kwamanzi, okuvumela imitha ukubala nokubonisa amazinga okugeleza ngokunemba okuphezulu.
Amamitha kagesi anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile kunezakhi zomshini. Awanazo izingxenye ezinyakazayo zangaphakathi, okususa izinkinga zokuguguleka, ukuminyana, kanye nokulahlekelwa yingcindezi. Lo mklamo uwenza futhi amelane kakhulu nokungcola emanzini, okwenza abe ngcono kakhulu ekulinganiseni amanzi angavuthiwe, amanzi angcolile, noma amanzi enqubo yezimboni. Isilinganiso sawo sokujika sibanzi kakhulu (ngokuvamile singu-100:1 noma ngaphezulu), okwenza kube nokulinganisa okunembile kokubili ukuvuza okuncane kanye nokugeleza okukhulu okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlanganiswa kalula nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile, asekela ukuqapha idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, ukufunda kude, kanye nokutholwa kokuvuza—izici ezibalulekile zokuphathwa kwamanzi ahlakaniphile kanye nezindawo zokulinganisa zesifunda (i-DMA).
Noma kunjalo, amamitha kagesi anemingcele yawo. Angalinganisa kuphela uketshezi oluhambisa ugesi; izinto ezingahambisani nogesi njengamanzi acwecwe noma uwoyela ziwenza angasebenzi. Izindleko zawo zokuqala ziphakeme kakhulu kunezamamitha omshini, okungaba yisithiyo sokufakwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu. Adinga futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla angaphandle okuqhubekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe insimu yamagnetic futhi kucutshungulwe izimpawu, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezindaweni ezingenawo ugesi othembekile.
Ekuphetheni, ukukhetha phakathi kwamamitha amanzi anomshini kanye nakagesi kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Amamitha amanzi anomshini ahamba phambili ezindaweni zokuhlala ezingabizi kakhulu, ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi lapho ukufinyelela kwamandla kulinganiselwe khona. Amamitha kagesi anogesi, okwamanje, ayindlela ekhethwayo yezinqubo zezimboni, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, kanye namanethiwekhi amanzi ahlakaniphile adinga ukunemba okuphezulu, ububanzi bokugeleza, kanye namakhono okuqapha ahlakaniphile. Ngokukala izici ezifana nezindleko, ukunemba, izidingo zokulungisa, kanye nezakhiwo zoketshezi, abasebenzisi bangakhetha imitha evumelana kahle nemigomo yabo yokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-30-2025