Kumamitha okugeleza kagesi, yiziphi izimo zokusebenza ezifanelekela ulwelwesi lwerabha, ulwelwesi lwe-PTFE kanye nolwelwesi lwe-PFA ngokulandelana?

1. Irabha (Yemvelo/I-Neoprene/CR)
Okuhle kakhulu: Inhloso evamile, ukugqwala okuphansi kuya kokuphakathi, imithombo yamanzi, kanye nodaka olunokuhuzuka okuncane.
Izinga lokushisa: Ngokuvamile -10 °C kuya ku-+80 °C (uhambo olufushane oluya ku-90 °C).
Ukugqwala: Kumelana namanzi ahlanzekile, amanzi angcolile, amanzi olwandle, indle, ama-acid/izisekelo ezibuthakathaka (pH 4–10), kanye namafutha.
Ukuguguleka: Okumaphakathi; kufanelekile kuma-slurry amancane, i-pulp yephepha, i-mine tailings (izinto eziqinile eziphansi).
Ingcindezi: Kufika ku-PN16–PN25 (1.6–2.5 MPa).
Imikhawulo: Akuyona i-asidi enamandla, izisekelo ezinamandla, izinyibilikisi, noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu; ukuvuvukala kwama-hydrocarbon.
Izimboni: Amanzi/amanzi angcolile, omasipala, i-HVAC, inqubo ejwayelekile, ukumbiwa kwezimayini (ukuguguleka okuncane).
2. I-PTFE (i-Polytetrafluoroethylene, i-Teflon®)
Okuhle kakhulu: Okungcolisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye noketshezi olungagugi.
Izinga lokushisa: ‑40 °C kuya ku-+130 °C (ejwayelekile); ‑200 °C kuya ku-+200 °C (isiqongo, isikhathi esilinganiselwe).
Ukugqwala: Kuhle kakhulu—kumelana nama-asidi agxilile (HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃), izisekelo eziqinile (NaOH, KOH), ama-oxidizer (NaClO, H₂O₂), kanye neziningi ze-organic solvents.
Ukuguguleka: Kubi—gwema izinto eziqinile, isihlabathi, noma izinhlayiya eziqinile.
Ukucindezela: Kufika ku-PN25 (2.5 MPa); hhayi ngenxa yokucindezela kwe-vacuum/negative (ingozi yokuwa).
Imikhawulo: Ukungaqini, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphansi, ukungabekezeleli kahle i-vacuum; ihlaselwa yizinsimbi ze-alkali ezincibilikisiwe, igesi ye-fluorine, i-ClF₃.
Izimboni: Ukucubungula amakhemikhali, uphethiloli, imithi, ukubopha, amanzi angcolile (agqwala kakhulu).
3. I-PFA (i-Perfluoroalkoxy, “i-PTFE eguquliwe”)
Kuhle kakhulu: Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigqwala kakhulu (thuthukisa ngaphezu kwe-PTFE).
Izinga lokushisa: -40 °C kuya ku-+180 °C (okuqhubekayo); iziqongo ezimfushane kuya ku-200 °C.
Ukugqwala: Kulingana ne-PTFE—imelana nazo zonke imidiya ezihambisana ne-PTFE; i-leaching ye-ion yensimbi ephansi kakhulu (<1 ppb).
Ukuguguleka: Kungcono kune-PTFE (kusasesilinganisweni); kufanelekile ezintweni eziqinile eziphansi kuya kweziphakathi.
Ingcindezi: Kufika ku-PN40 (4.0 MPa); ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwengcindezi ye-vacuum/negative.
Okwemishini: Iyaguquguquka, iqinile, imelana nokukhukhuleka; ingaboshwa ngokushisa epayipini (akukho ukuhlukaniswa); inketho esobala/ekhanyayo iyatholakala.
Ukuthobela imithetho: I-FDA, i-3‑A, i-EHEDG, i-ASME BPE (izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka/zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu).
Imikhawulo: Izindleko eziphezulu (3–5× PTFE); okuhlukile kwamakhemikhali okufanayo ne-PTFE.
Izimboni: I-Semiconductor (amanzi/amakhemikhali ahlanzekile kakhulu), i-biotech/imithi (engahlanzekanga/i-CIP/SIP), ukudla/isiphuzo (ukuhlanza okushisayo okuphezulu), izinqubo zamakhemikhali zelanga, kanye nezithuthukisiwe.