Emanzini anamuhlaindawo yokulinganisa, amamitha amanzi kagesi kanye namamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic avelele njengobuchwepheshe obubili obuvamile nobuthuthukisiwe. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo ezihlukile, ezisuselwa ezimisweni zalo zokusebenza ezihlukile. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile kumasevisi amanzi, abasebenzisi bezimboni, kanye nabanye abathintekayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bekhetha ikhambi lokulinganisa amanzi elifanele kakhulu lezicelo zabo ezithile.
1. Izimiso Zokusebenza
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic asebenza ngokusekelwe emthethweni kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Lapho uketshezi oluqhubayo, njengamanzi, lugeleza ensimini yamagnetic edalwe ngaphakathi kwemitha, kudalwa amandla e-electromotive (EMF). Le EMF ebangelwayo ilingana nejubane lokugeleza koketshezi. Imitha ilinganisa le EMF isebenzisa ama-electrode abekwe ezinhlangothini eziphambene zepayipi lokugeleza. Ngokulinganisa amandla e-voltage ebangelwayo, ijubane lamanzi linganqunywa. Njengoba indawo enqamulayo yepayipi lokugeleza yaziwa, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi le-volumetric lingabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula
Q=v×A, lapho i-Q iyisilinganiso sokugeleza, i-v iyisivinini, kanti i-A yindawo enqamulayo.
1.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic asebenzisa isimiso sokundiza sesikhathi samagagasi e-ultrasonic kuketshezi. Alinganisa umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kokusabalala kwezibonakaliso ze-ultrasonic ezikhuphukayo neziphansi kwamanzi agelezayo. Lapho igagasi le-ultrasonic lidluliselwa emanzini, isivinini salo sokusabalala siyathinteka yijubane lokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma igagasi lithunyelwa ohlangothini lokugeleza (phansi), lizohamba ngokushesha, futhi uma lithunyelwa ngokumelene nokugeleza (phezulu), lizohamba kancane. Ngokulinganisa ngokunembile lo mehluko wesikhathi, ijubane lamanzi lingabalwa. Ngokufana namamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic, uma ijubane selaziwa, izinga lokugeleza kwe-volumetric linganqunywa ngokuphindaphinda ijubane ngendawo enqamulayo yepayipi noma isiteshi lapho amanzi egeleza khona.
2. Izici Zokusebenza
2.1 Ukunemba
2.1.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic aziwa ngokunemba kwawo okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ebangeni eliphakathi kuya kweliphezulu lokugeleza. Angafinyelela izinga lokunemba elifinyelela ku-0.5% noma kangcono ezimweni ezifanele. Lokhu kunemba okuphezulu kungenxa yesimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic esizinzile nesiqondakala kahle. Kodwa-ke, izici ezifana nokushintsha kwamandla ensimu yamagnetic (okungathintwa yimithombo yamagnetic yangaphandle), ukungcola kwe-electrode, noma ukufakwa okungafanele kungathinta ukunemba kwawo. Isibonelo, uma ama-electrode embozwa ngamadiphozithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-EMF elinganisiwe ingase iphambukiswe, okuholela ekufundweni kwesilinganiso sokugeleza okunganembile.
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic nawo anikeza ukunemba okuhle, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-1% kuya ku-2% ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile. Ukunemba kwawo kungathinteka yizici ezifana nokuba khona kwamabhamuza omoya, izinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe, noma izinguquko ezimpahleni ze-acoustic zamanzi. Amabhamuza omoya, isibonelo, angasakaza amagagasi e-ultrasonic, okubangela ukulinganiswa kwesikhathi sokundiza okungalungile. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ahlanzekile nezimo zokugeleza ezizinzile, amamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic anganikeza ukufundwa okuthembekile nokunembile. Kwamanye amamodeli athuthukile, amasu anjengokuzwa kwe-ultrasonic ngezindlela eziningi asetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba ngokulinganisa izilinganiso ezivela ezindleleni eziningi ze-ultrasonic ngaphakathi kokugeleza kwamanzi.
2.2 Uhla Lokugeleza
2.2.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic ngokuvamile anobubanzi bokugeleza, anobubanzi obujwayelekile (isilinganiso sobukhulu kuya kwesilinganiso sokugeleza esincane esilinganiswayo) esingu-100:1 noma ngaphezulu. Afaneleka kahle ukulinganisa kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni okugeleza okuphezulu, njengasezindaweni ezinkulu zokuhlanza amanzi noma izinhlelo zokupholisa zezimboni, kanye nezicelo zokuhlala nezokuhweba ezigeleza phakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwawo ngamanani okugeleza aphansi kakhulu kungaba nomkhawulo. Ngejubane eliphansi kakhulu, i-EMF ebangelwayo ingaba buthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ingalinganiswa ngokunembile, okuholela ekungalungi okungenzeka engxenyeni engezansi yobubanzi bokugeleza.
2.2.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic aziwa ngamakhono awo amahle kakhulu okulinganisa ukugeleza okuphansi. Avame ukubona amazinga okugeleza aphansi njengo-0.01 m/s noma aphansi kakhulu, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukuvuza okuncane noma ukusetshenziswa kokugeleza okuphansi kudingeka kulinganiswe ngokunembile, njengasekulinganisweni kwamanzi asekhaya ukuze kutholakale ukuvuza. Ukusabalala kwawo kungaba phezulu kakhulu, kanti amanye amamodeli afinyelela izilinganiso ezingu-400:1 noma ngaphezulu. Lolu hlu olubanzi lokugeleza luwavumela ukuthi aphathe ububanzi bezicelo, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi amancane emakhaya kuya ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amanzi ezinkulu zezimboni nezomasipala.
2.3 Ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic ngokuvamile anokulahlekelwa yingcindezi okuphansi. Ukwakheka kwepayipi lokugeleza kumamitha kagesi kuvame ukuba kuqondile futhi kungaphazanyiswa, okunciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi. Lokhu kuwusizo ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukugcina ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okucindezela okuphezulu kubalulekile, njengasezinqubweni ezinkulu zezimboni noma kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi amabanga amade. Ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi ephansi kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamaphampu neminye imishini yokuhambisa amanzi, njengoba kudingeka amandla amancane ukunqoba ukumelana kumitha.
2.3.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic nawo ngokuvamile abonisa ukulahleka kwengcindezi ephansi. Inqubo yokulinganisa kumamitha e-ultrasonic ayibandakanyi noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwendlela yokugeleza, njengoba izinzwa ze-ultrasonic zivame ukufakwa ngaphandle kwepayipi noma isiteshi sokugeleza. Le ndlela yokulinganisa engaphazamisi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi akuphazanyiswa kakhulu, okuholela ekwehleni okuncane kwengcindezi kuyo yonke imitha. Njengemitha kagesi, lesi sici senza amamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic afanelekele ukusetshenziswa lapho ukulondolozwa kwengcindezi kubalulekile khona.
2.4 Isikhathi Sokuphendula
2.4.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic anesikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo. Uma sekukhona ushintsho ejubaneni lokugeleza kwamanzi, i-EMF ebangelwayo ishintsha cishe ngokushesha, futhi imitha ingalubona ngokushesha futhi ibhalise lolu shintsho. Lesi sikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo siwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukuqapha izinguquko zezinga lokugeleza ngesikhathi sangempela, njengasezinqubweni zezimboni lapho izinguquko ezisheshayo ekudingweni kwamanzi zidinga ukutholakala ngokushesha futhi zilawulwe.
2.4.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic nawo anikeza isikhathi sokuphendula ngokushesha. Ukulinganiswa kwesikhathi sokundiza kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic kuyinqubo esheshayo, futhi noma yiziphi izinguquko ejubaneni lokugeleza kwamanzi zibonakala ngokushesha emehluko wesikhathi esilinganisiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukutholakala okusheshayo kokwehluka kwesilinganiso sokugeleza, okuwusizo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokuqapha inethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, lapho izinguquko ezisheshayo emaphethini okusetshenziswa kwamanzi zingabonakala ngokushesha.
3. Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngezemvelo Nokufakwa
3.1 Izidingo Zokufaka
3.1.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic adinga inani elithile lobude bepayipi eliqondile phezulu nangezansi kwendawo yokufaka imitha. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi kuthuthukisiwe ngokugcwele futhi kuyafana ngaphambi kokuba kungene kumitha, okuyinto ebalulekile ekulinganisweni okunembile. Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ubude bepayipi eliqondile elingaphezulu eliphindwe ka-5 kuya ku-10 ububanzi bepayipi kanye nobude bepayipi eliqondile elingaphansi eliphindwe ka-2 kuya ku-5 ububanzi bepayipi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic adinga ukufakwa endaweni lapho kungekho ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kwangaphandle kwe-magnetic, njengoba lokhu kungaphazamisa insimu yamagnetic ngaphakathi kwemitha futhi kuthinte ukunemba kwezilinganiso.
3.1.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic aguquguquka kakhulu ngokwezidingo zokufakwa. Ngokuvamile adinga ubude bepayipi obungaqondile kangako uma kuqhathaniswa namamitha kagesi. Kwezinye izimo, ubude bepayipi eliqondile elingaphezulu eliphindwe kathathu kunobubanzi bepayipi noma ngaphansi kwalo bunganele. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuwafaka ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezikhona lapho isikhala sokuhamba kwamapayipi aqondile singase silinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, amamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic adinga ukufakwa endaweni lapho udonga lwepayipi lubushelelezi futhi lungenakho ukugqwala okukhulu noma ukwakheka kwesikali, njengoba lokhu kungathinta ukudluliselwa kanye nokwamukelwa kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic.
3.2 Ukuzwela Kwemvelo
3.2.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic azwela ekuqhutshweni kukagesi kwamanzi. Aklanyelwe ukukala ukugeleza koketshezi oluqhubayo, futhi uma amanzi enomthamo kagesi ophansi kakhulu (njengasesimeni samanzi ahlanzwe kakhulu), i-EMF ebangelwayo ingase ibe buthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ingalinganiswa ngokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amasimu angaphandle e-magnetic angaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic. Ezindaweni zezimboni ezinezinjini ezinkulu zikagesi, ama-transformer, noma eminye imithombo yamasimu anamandla e-magnetic, kungadingeka ukuvikela okukhethekile noma ukubeka kahle imitha ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okunembile.
3.2.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic ayazwela ukuba khona kwamabhamuza omoya, izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, kanye nezinguquko ezimpahleni ze-acoustic zamanzi. Amabhamuza omoya angahlakaza amagagasi e-ultrasonic, okuholela ekulinganisweni kwesikhathi sokundiza okunganembile. Izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, ikakhulukazi uma zikhulu noma zisezingeni eliphezulu, zingathinta nokusabalala kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ekushiseni, usawoti, noma ukujiya kwamanzi kungashintsha izakhiwo zawo ze-acoustic, okungadinga ukulungiswa kokulinganisa kwezinye izimo ukuze kugcinwe isilinganiso esinembile.
4. Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa
4.1 Izindleko Zokuqala
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic ngokuvamile anezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi ehilelekile ekudaleni insimu yamagnetic - izingxenye ezikhiqizayo, ama-electrode enziwe ngokunemba, kanye nama-electronics ayinkimbinkimbi adingekayo ekulinganiseni i-EMF ebangelwayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwazo, ikakhulukazi lezo zesekethe yamagnetic kanye ne-flow tube lining (ukuqinisekisa ukufudumala kukagesi), nazo zinegalelo ezindlekoni eziphakeme.
4.1.2 Amamitha Amanzi E-Ultrasonic
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic nawo avame ukuba nezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kakhulu, yize ngezinye izikhathi zingaba ngaphansi kancane kunezamamitha kagesi, kuye ngemodeli ethile kanye nomkhiqizi. Izindleko ziqhutshwa kakhulu ama-transducer e-ultrasonic asezingeni eliphezulu, ama-electronics okucubungula isignali athuthukisiwe, kanye nesidingo sokulinganisa okunembile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula futhi umnotho wesilinganiso uqala ukusebenza, izindleko zamamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic ziye zehla kancane kancane.
4.2 Izindleko Zokulungisa
4.2.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Izindleko zokulungisa amamitha amanzi kagesi zilinganiselwe. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokulungisa ihilela ukuhlolwa nokuhlanza ama-electrode njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola, okungathinta ukunemba kokulinganisa. Kwezinye izimo, uma izingxenye ezikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe zibonisa izimpawu zokuguguleka noma uma kunezinkinga nge-elekthronikhi, kungadingeka ukulungiswa okujulile noma ukushintshwa kwezingxenye. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kungekho izingxenye ezihambayo esigabeni sokulinganisa, izidingo zokulungisa zizonke azinzima kakhulu.
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic ngokuvamile anezindleko eziphansi zokulungisa. Njengoba zingekho izingxenye ezihambayo futhi ama-transducer e-ultrasonic ngokuvamile ahlala isikhathi eside, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokulungisa ukuhlola njalo noma yiziphi izimpawu zomonakalo kuma-transducer noma kuma-electronics okucubungula isignali. Ezisetshenzisweni lapho amanzi equkethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziqinile ezilengayo noma lapho kunengozi yokungcola kwe-transducer, ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezindawo ze-transducer kungadingeka. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamamitha amanzi, amamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic adinga ukulungiswa okuncane njalo futhi okungabizi kakhulu.
5. Izicelo
5.1 Amamitha Amanzi Kagesi Kagesi
Amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic asetshenziswa kabanzi ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini lapho ukulinganisa okunembile kwamazinga aphezulu okugeleza koketshezi oluqhubayo kubalulekile khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla (kokulinganisa amanzi okupholisa), kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla neziphuzo. Emikhakheni yokwelashwa kwamanzi namanzi angcolile, amamitha amanzi e-electromagnetic asetshenziselwa ukukala ukugeleza kwamanzi aluhlaza, amanzi ahlanziwe, kanye namanzi angcolile. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano nasezindlini zokuhlala ukuze kukhokhiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela enembile.
Amamitha amanzi e-Ultrasonic athola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekulinganisweni kwamanzi emakhaya, ikakhulukazi lapho kugxilwe khona ekulinganisweni okunembile kwamazinga okugeleza aphansi kanye nokutholwa kokuvuza. Asetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni zokunisela zezolimo, lapho amanzi angase abe nokungcola njengesihlabathi nodaka, futhi indlela yokulinganisa engaphazamisi yamamitha e-ultrasonic isiza ukugwema izinkinga ezihlobene nokuvaleka noma ukulimala kwalokhu kungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamitha amanzi e-ultrasonic afanele ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi ukuqapha ukugeleza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezindaweni ezinezakhiwo zamapayipi eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho izidingo zokufakwa eziguquguqukayo zamamitha e-ultrasonic ziyinzuzo.
Ekuphetheni, womabili amamitha amanzi kagesi kanye ne-ultrasonic anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile futhi anezindawo zawo zokusebenzisa. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalawa amabili kuncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene njengezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, izici zamanzi alinganiswayo, indawo yokufaka, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezindleko nezinzuzo. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela lo mehluko, abasebenzisi bangakhetha ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa amanzi obufanele kakhulu ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zamanzi anembile, athembekile, futhi angabizi kakhulu.ukulinganisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-05-2025