Ukulinganisa uketshezi oluqothulayo, njenge-asidi, ama-alkali, kanye nezinyibilikisi zamakhemikhali, kuletha izinselele ezinkulu ezinqubweni zezimboni ngenxa yemvelo yalo yokubhubhisa izinto zemishini. Amamitha okugeleza kagesi (ama-EMF), asekelwe kusimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic sikaFaraday, avele njengesixazululo esithembekile salesi simo. Isakhiwo sawo sokulinganisa esingaphazamisi, ukuhambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zemidiya eqothulayo, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa kuwenza abe yinto ebalulekile ezimbonini lapho izindawo zamakhemikhali ezinzima zivame khona. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinzuzo ezihlukile zama-EMF ekulinganisweni koketshezi oluqothulayo, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuvamile kuzo zonke izimboni ezibalulekile, kanye nokucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokusebenza kahle.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yamamitha okugeleza kagesi ekulinganisweni koketshezi olubolayo itholakala ekwakhiweni kwawo kwesakhiwo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezinto. Ngokungafani namamitha okugeleza endabuko anezingxenye eziphazamisayo ezivame ukugqwala, ama-EMF afaka inzwa enolwelwesi oluhlukanisa isici sokulinganisa kusuka endaweni ebolayo. Izinto ezivamile zolwelwesi zifaka i-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), i-PFA (perfluoroalkoxy alkane), kanye nerabha, konke okubonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nama-acid, ama-alkali, kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-electrode e-EMF angenziwa ngama-alloy amelana nokugqwala njenge-Hastelloy, i-titanium, noma i-tantalum, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside ngisho nasezintweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Le ndlela yokulinganisa engathintani nayo iqeda ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi kanye nengozi yokuvaleka, okubalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi yezimboni eqhubekayo.
Imboni yamakhemikhali iyinkambu eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwama-EMF ekulinganisweni koketshezi olubolayo. Ezinqubweni zokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya ebolayo njenge-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kanye ne-sodium hydroxide zidinga ukulawulwa okuqondile kokugeleza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni komanyolo, ama-EMF ane-PTFE linings kanye nama-electrode e-Hastelloy alinganisa ngokunembile izinga lokugeleza kwe-sulfuric acid egxilile, okwenza kube nomthamo oqondile nge-ammonia. Ekukhiqizweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, aqapha ukugeleza kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo ezibolayo, aqinisekise ukuphepha nokuzinza kwenqubo yokusabela. Amandla ama-EMF okukala uketshezi olubolayo oluqhubayo ngokunemba okuphezulu (ngokuvamile ±0.5% yenani elilinganisiwe) kuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuzenzekeleni kwenqubo yamakhemikhali.
Imboni yezimayini kanye ne-metallurgy nayo ithembele kakhulu kuma-EMF ukuze ilinganise uketshezi olubolayo. Enqubweni yokukhipha izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous (njengethusi, i-zinc, negolide), ama-leaching agents abolayo (isb., isixazululo se-sulfuric acid, isixazululo se-cyanide) asetshenziswa ukukhipha izinsimbi kuma-ore. Ama-EMF asetshenziswa ukukala izinga lokugeleza kwala ma-leaching agents, ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana okufanayo nama-ore kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha izinsimbi. Ekucubungulweni kwe-metallurgical, aphinde aqaphe ukugeleza koketshezi olubolayo olupholisa kanye ne-waste acid, okusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemvelo. Isakhiwo esiqinile sama-EMF siwavumela ukuthi amelane nezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu okuvame ukuhlangatshezwa emisebenzini yezimayini kanye ne-metallurgy.
Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka zingenye indlela ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa. Amanzi amdaka asezimbonini avame ukuqukatha izingxenye ezibolayo ezifana nama-ion ensimbi esindayo, ama-acid, nama-alkali, adinga ukulinganiswa okunembile kokugeleza kwamanzi amdaka abolayo ezinqubweni zokuqoqa nokwelapha, okwenza kube lula ukulawula okunembile izithasiselo zamakhemikhali (isb., ama-neutralizers) nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokukhipha amanzi amdaka. Ukumelana kwawo nokungcola nokugqwala kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngisho nasezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zamanzi amdaka, kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwama-EMF ekulinganisweni koketshezi oluqothulayo, kufanele kucatshangelwe izinto eziningana ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, khetha izinto ezifanele zokufaka ulwelo kanye ne-electrode ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kanye nokuhlushwa kwendawo eqothulayo. Okwesibili, qiniseka ukuthi uketshezi olulinganisiwe lunomoya owanele wokuqhuba (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwama-5 μS/cm), njengoba ama-EMF engakwazi ukukala uketshezi olungenawo umoya. Okwesithathu, faka imitha ngendlela efanele ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic futhi uqinisekise insimu yokugeleza ezinzile. Ukugcinwa njalo, njengokuhlola ubuqotho be-lining kanye nama-electrode okuhlanza, nakho kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Ekuphetheni, amamitha okugeleza kagesi abe yindlela ekhethwayo yokulinganisa uketshezi olugqwalisayo ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezinto, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo okubanzi embonini yokwelapha amakhemikhali, yezimayini, kanye namanzi angcolile kugqamisa indima yawo ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuklama kwezinzwa, ama-EMF kulindeleke ukuthi ahlinzeke ngezixazululo ezithembeke kakhulu zezimo zokulinganisa uketshezi olugqwalisayo kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2025