Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhetha Imitha Yokugeleza Kagesi Efanele Yokwelashwa Kwamanzi

Izikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi zithembele kakhulu ekulinganisweni okunembile kokugeleza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo okuhle kakhulu. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokulinganisa ukugeleza obutholakalayo, amamitha okugeleza kagesi (amamitha e-EM) avelele ngokufaneleka kwawo ekusetshenzisweni okuhlobene namanzi—ngenxa yekhono lawo lokusingatha uketshezi oluqhuba amanzi, ukwehla komfutho ophansi, kanye nezidingo zokulungisa ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha imitha ye-EM efanele yesimo esithile sokuhlanza amanzi kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe, izimo zokusebenza, kanye nezidingo zokuthobela imithetho. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlukanisa izici ezibalulekile ukuze kube lula inqubo yokukhetha.

1. Qonda Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokusetshenziswa Kokwelapha Amanzi

• Izici zoketshezi: Ukuqhuba komoya akuxoxiswana ngakho ngamamitha e-EM (adinga uketshezi olunokuqhuba komoya okungu-≥5 μS/cm, okuhlangatshezwa kalula yizinhlobo eziningi zamanzi, okuhlanganisa amanzi ompompi, amanzi angcolile, namanzi akhishwe ngamakhemikhali). Kodwa-ke, qaphela uma uketshezi luqukethe izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe (isb., udaka ekuphathweni kwesibili) noma izithasiselo ezibolayo (isb., i-chlorine, i-alum), njengoba lokhu kuzothinta ukukhethwa kwezinto.
• Ibanga lokugeleza: Nquma amazinga okugeleza aphansi kanye naphezulu okumele imitha iwalinganise. Amamitha e-EM anesilinganiso sokujika (ukugeleza okuphezulu kuya kokugeleza okuncane) ngokuvamile kusuka ku-10:1 kuya ku-100:1; khetha isilinganiso esivumela ukuguquguquka (isb., ukugeleza okuphezulu ngesikhathi semvula yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile).
• Izidingo zokunemba: Izindinganiso zomthetho (isb., iziqondiso ze-EPA ku-US noma ku-EU Water Framework Directive) zivame ukuphoqelela amazinga athile okunemba—ngokuvamile ±0.5% kuya ku-±1% wesilinganiso esigcwele sokulawula inqubo, kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile (±0.2%) kokubika ngokukhokhisa noma ngokukhipha.

2. Beka phambili ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside

• Ukulinganisa ulwelwesi lwamapayipi: Kumanzi ajwayelekile ompompi noma amanzi angcolile angaboli, ulwelwesi lwerabha (isb., i-EPDM, i-neoprene) lubiza kahle futhi luhlala isikhathi eside. Kumanzi ashisayo (isb., amanzi angcolile ane-acidic noma amanzi anamazinga aphezulu e-chlorine), khetha ulwelwesi olungamelana namakhemikhali njenge-PTFE (Teflon) noma i-FKM (Viton). Kuma-application ane-abrasive solids (isb., udaka), khetha ulwelwesi oluqinisiwe (isb., i-polyurethane) ukuvimbela ukuguguleka.
• Ama-electrode: Ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali (316L) asebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zamanzi ezingaboli. Kuma-fluid abolizayo (isb., amanzi anosawoti noma amanzi anezinsimbi ezisindayo), khetha ama-electrode e-Hastelloy C noma e-titanium. Ezindaweni ezivame ukungcola (isb., amanzi angavuthiwe agcwele ulwelwe), cabanga ngama-electrode anezici zokuhlanza ezakhelwe ngaphakathi (isb., ukusula nge-ultrasonic noma ngomshini) ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba.

3. Khetha Uhlobo Lokufaka Olufanele kanye Nosayizi

• Ukufakwa okusemgqeni: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokwelashwa kwamanzi, lapho imitha ifakwa khona ngqo epayipini. Qinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bepayipi buhambisana nosayizi ojwayelekile wemitha (isb., imitha engu-2 intshi yepayipi engu-2 intshi) ukuze ugweme ukuphambuka kokugeleza kwamanzi. Futhi, landela iziqondiso zomenzi zobude bepayipi eliqondile elingaphezulu/eliphansi (ngokuvamile ububanzi bepayipi elingu-5 × phezulu kanye no-3 × phansi) ukuze unciphise ukuxokozela okuvela ezindololwaneni noma kumavalvu.
• Ukufakwa kohlobo lokufakwa: Kufanelekela amapayipi amakhulu (≥8 amayintshi) lapho amamitha angaphakathi engasebenzi khona. Amamitha okufakwa afakwa ngompompi odongeni lwepayipi, okunciphisa izindleko zokufakwa kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, adinga ukuhlukaniswa kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulinganiswa okunembile, ngakho khetha amamodeli anokujula kokufakwa okulungisekayo.

4. Hlola Izici Zomphumela Nokuxhumana

• Ukukhishwa kwe-analog: Isignali engu-4-20 mA iyindinganiso yokudluliselwa kwesilinganiso sokugeleza okuqhubekayo kubalawuli. Qinisekisa ukuthi umphumela uhlukanisiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka kukagesi kweminye imishini.
• Ukukhishwa kwedijithali: Ukuze uloge idatha noma ukuqapha kude, khetha amamitha anokuxhumana kwe-RS485 (Modbus RTU) noma i-Ethernet (Profinet, Ethernet/IP). Lawa maphrothokholi avumela amamitha amaningi ukuthi axhumeke ohlelweni oluphakathi, okwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwedatha.
• Izici ezengeziwe: Funa amamitha anezibonisi zendawo (i-LCD noma i-LED) zokufunda endaweni, kanye nemisebenzi ye-alamu (isb., izexwayiso zokugeleza okuphezulu/okuphansi, izexwayiso zokungcola kwe-electrode) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulungiswa okusheshayo.

5. Cabanga Ngokuhambisana Nemithetho kanye Nesitifiketi

• Izitifiketi Zokunemba: Amamitha kufanele ahambisane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-ISO 4064 (yamamitha amanzi) noma i-IEC 60044-1 (yamamitha kagesi) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufundwa kwawo kusemthethweni.
• Izitifiketi zokuphepha nezemvelo: Ezindaweni eziyingozi (isb., izikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka ezinegesi eqhumayo), khetha amamitha anezitifiketi ze-ATEX noma ze-IECEx. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ahlanzekile, qiniseka ukuthi izinto ezimanzi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-NSF/ANSI 61 (US) noma ze-WRAS (UK) zokuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza.

6. Isilinganiso Sezindleko Zobunikazi (i-TCO)

• Izindleko zokufaka: Amamitha angaphakathi komugqa angadinga ukunqunywa kwamapayipi kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi, kuyilapho amamitha okufaka eshesha ukufakwa.
• Izidingo zokulinganisa: Abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukulinganisa minyaka yonke, kodwa amanye amamodeli anikeza izici zokuzilinganisa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko.
• Isikhathi Sokuphila: Amamitha e-EM asezingeni eliphezulu anezinto ezihambisanayo angahlala iminyaka eyi-10-15, okwenza kube utshalomali lwesikhathi eside.

Isiphetho